定义
激光器谐振腔中,由于去极化效应而引起的光功率损耗。
如果采用的增益介质没有双折射效应,且激光谐振腔中的某一元件对于一个偏振方向会产生很高的损耗,那么高功率激光器中增益介质的热效应会通过去极化而引起很强的损耗。原因是增益介质中的温度梯度会产生机械应力和一些双折射,因此轴向在光束横截面上发生变化。(双折射轴也指向轴向和切线方向。)因此,最初的线偏振态发生畸变,在腔内偏振器件会产生损耗。
如果增益介质本身具有很强的双折射,那么热效应引起的去极化效应就会受到抑制,双折射轴不会由于热效应而旋转很多。Nd:YVO4激光器就是这种情形。对于各向同性增益介质,例如Nd:YAG,在激光器谐振腔中采用一个法拉第旋转器和一个四分之一波片[4]就可以使去极化损耗最小化[1],或者调整激光器谐振腔,得到合适的古衣相移[7]。这种补偿方式的基本原理就是通过增益介质的不同的去极化之间相互抵消或者部分抵消。采用一个YAG晶体也可以优化切割方向,从而降低去极化损耗[6,8]。
参考文献
[1] W. C. Scott and M. de Wit, “Birefringence compensation and TEM00 mode enhancement in a Nd:YAG laser”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 3 (1971)
[2] H. J. Eichler et al., “Thermal lensing and depolarization in a highly pumped Nd:YAG laser amplifier”, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 26, 1884 (1993)
[3] M. P. Murdough and C. A. Denman, “Mode-volume and pump-power limitations in injection-locked TEM00 Nd:YAG rod lasers”, Appl. Opt. 35 (30), 5925 (1996)
[4] W. A. Clarkson et al., “Simple method for reducing the depolarization loss resulting from thermally induced birefringence in solid-state lasers”, Opt. Lett. 24 (12), 820 (1999)
[5] R. Fluck et al., “Birefringence compensation in single solid-state rods”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 76 (12), 1513 (2000)
[6] I. Shoji and T. Taira, “Intrinsic reduction of the depolarization loss in solid state lasers by use of a (110)-cut Y3Al5O12 crystal”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 80 (17), 3048 (2002)
[7] J. J. Morehead, “Compensation of laser thermal depolarization using free space”, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 13 (3), 498 (2007)
[8] O. Puncken et al., “Intrinsic reduction of the depolarization in Nd:YAG crystals”, Opt. Express 18 (19), 20461 (2010)
[9] W. Koechner, Solid-State Laser Engineering, 6th edn., Springer, Berlin (2006)
参阅:热透镜、双折射、高功率激光器